Short answer: the earlier you cancel, the more you get back. A confirmed e-ticket cancelled more than 48 hours before departure loses only a flat per-passenger charge - 60 to 240 rupees depending on class. Inside 48 hours it costs 25% of the fare, inside 12 hours it costs 50%, and after the chart is prepared, a confirmed ticket that nobody travels on gets nothing back. The exact slabs, and the waitlist exceptions, are below.
The official slabs for confirmed tickets. Per IRCTC's refund rules, cancelling a confirmed ticket more than 48 hours before the train's scheduled departure deducts a flat amount per passenger: 240 rupees for AC First/Executive, 200 for AC 2-Tier/First Class, 180 for AC 3-Tier/Chair Car/3-Economy, 120 for Sleeper, 60 for Second Class - plus GST on AC classes. Between 48 and 12 hours before departure, the deduction rises to 25% of the fare (subject to that flat minimum). Between 12 and 4 hours before departure - and only until the chart is prepared, whichever comes first - it is 50% of the fare. Once the chart is prepared, online cancellation closes.
After chart preparation: the cliff. If the chart is prepared and your confirmed ticket simply goes unused, no refund is due. If you could not travel for a reason the railways recognise - say the train ran more than three hours late and you chose not to board - file a TDR (Ticket Deposit Receipt) online instead of cancelling, and the claim goes for review. The habit to build: decide before the chart is made, which is usually about four hours before departure (earlier for morning trains, whose charts often prepare the previous night).
Waitlisted and RAC tickets work differently. A waitlisted e-ticket that never confirms is cancelled automatically after chart preparation and the fare comes back, less a small clerkage charge - you do not need to do anything, and you cannot board on it. If you cancel a waitlisted or RAC ticket yourself before charting, again only clerkage is deducted. One useful family rule: on a party or family ticket where some passengers are confirmed and others remain waitlisted after charting, cancelling everyone online before charting gets the confirmed passengers a full refund less clerkage too.
How the money comes back. Cancel on the IRCTC site or app under Booked Ticket History - the refund returns to the original payment method, typically within a few working days (banks, not IRCTC, control most of the delay). Counter-bought paper tickets cannot be cancelled online; they go back across the counter, and after charting they need a TDR filed at the station. If you booked through an agent app, the agent's own service charge is usually not refunded even when the fare is.
A quick decision framework. Plans shaky but departure more than 48 hours away? Cancel now - the flat charge is the cheapest exit you will get. Inside 48 hours, weigh the 25% cut against the chance you still travel. Inside 12 hours, it is 50% either way, so decide on other factors. And if the train itself is cancelled by the railways, none of this applies: full refund, automatically for e-tickets, with no deduction at all.
How TripKeeper thinks about it. When we plan trips for families, train legs are chosen so that cancellation stays cheap: bookings made early, decisions forced before the 48-hour mark, and no one left holding a ticket the family will not use. If you are planning a multi-stop India trip and want the trains sorted properly, send us a trip-planning inquiry.
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